13. Gott, op. cit; Petras, p. 349; Norman Gall, The Legacy of Che Guevara , Commentary magazine (New York) December 1967, p. 39.

14. Petras, p. 349.

29. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 1961 to 1966

1. Jerome Slater, The Dominican Republic, 1961-66 in Barry Blechman and Stephen Kaplan, Force Without War: U.S. Armed Forces as a Political Instrument (The Brookings Institution. Washington, 1978) pp. 290-91, a study undertaken at the request of the Pentagon and with its full) cooperation, although the book stipulates that the views expressed are the authors1 alone.

2. Bernard Diederich, Trujillo: The Death of the Goat (London, 1978) p. 43.

3. Ibid., pp. 48-9; New York Times, 23 June 1975, p. 17 (this article is more understandable when one knows that Lear Reed was addressed as Colonel , his World War II rank - Diederich, p. -49).

4. Interim Report: Alleged Assassination Plots Involving foreign Leaders, The Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities (US Senate), 20 November 1975, p. 192; here after referred to as Assassination Report.

5. Ibid.

6. Drederich, p. 44.

7. Assassination Report, 191-215, passim; Diederich, passim, particularly pp. 40-56.

8. Assassination Report, p. 210.

9. Arthur M. Schlesinger, A Thousand Days (Boston, 1965) p. 769.

10. Diederich, pp. 170-249, summary on page 265.

11. Schlesinger, p. 661.

12. Events of 1961 following the assassination: Slater, pp. 294-7; Diederich, pp. 220-51.

13. Slater, p. 298; New York Times, 20 January 1962, p. 4.

14. John Bartlow Martin, Overtaken by Events: The Dominican Crisis From the Fail of Trujillo to the Civil War (New York, 1966) p. 100.

15. Ibid p. 122.

16. New York Times, 9 June 1962, p. 10.

17. US involvement in elections: Martin, pp. 227-9, 347-8.

18. Martin, pp. 455-6; Richard Barnet, Intervention and Revolution (London, 1972) p. 168.

19. Miami News quote: Cited in Newsweek, 7 October 1963, p. 64. Hendrix: Carl Bernstein, The CIA and the Media , Rolling Stone, 20 October 1977, p. 59; Thomas Powers, The Man Who Kept the Secrets: Richard Helms and the CIA (Pocket Books, New York, 1979) p. 461.

20. Martin, p. 451.

21. lbid.,pp.477-8.

22. Sam Halper, The Dominican Upheaval , The New Leader {New York), 10 May 1965, p. 4.

23. Martin, pp. 481-90; New York Times, 17 July 1963, p. 10.

24. CONATRAL: Survey of the Alliance for Progress: Labor Policies and Programs, Staff Report of the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Subcommittee on American Republics Affairs, 15 July 1968, p. 18; Jan Kippers Black, The Dominican Republic: Politics and Development in an Unsovereign State (Boston, 1986), pp. 35, 96, 117;Barnet, pp. 170-71.

25. Martin, p. 570.

26. Newsweek, 7 October 1963, pp. 64-5.

27. New York Times, 14 December 1963, p. 12.

28. Washington Post, 27 June 1965, p. E2.

29. Wall Street Journal, 25 June 1965, p. 8.

30. Slater, p. 308; Tad Szulc, Dominican Diary (New York, 1965) p. 32; Szulc was the New York Times correspondent in the Dominican Republic during this period.

31. Slater, p. 307.

32. Martin, pp. 656-7; New York Times, 1 May 1965; Slater, p. 309; Wall Street Journal, 25 June 1965, p. 8.

33. Martin, p. 658.

34. Washington Post, 27 June 1965, p. E5; Slater, pp. 322-3; New York Times, 20 May 1965.

35. New York Times, 20 May 1965; Slater, p. 325.

36. New York Times Magazine, 14 July 1982, p. 20.

37. Ibid.

38. New York Times, 25 February 1967.

39. Communists amongst the rebels: Washington Post, 27 June 1965, p. E4; CIA cable: Declassified Documents Reference System (Arlington, Virginia) 1977 Volume, Document 14G.

40. Philip Agee, Inside the Company: CIA Diary (New York, 1975) p. 421.

41. Barnet, pp. 175-6.

42. Ibid.; Szulc, pp. 71-3; Washington Post, 27 June 1965, p. E4,

43. Slater, p. 321; New York Times, 22 Match 1967.

44. David Wise, The Politics of Lying (New York, 1973, paperback edition) p. 32.

45. Barnet, pp. 178-9.

46. See, e.g., Wall Street Journal, 7 September 1971, In Dominican Republic, Political Murders Rise, and So Does Poverty ; also, various Amnesty international Reports on Torture and Annual Reports during the 1970s.

30. CUBA 1959 to 1980s

1 Khrushchev Remembers (London, 1971) pp. 494, 496.

2. Time, 2 November 1962.

3. Cited by William Appleman Williams, American Intervention in Russia: 1917-20 , in David Horowitz, ed., Containment and Revolution (Boston, 1967). Written in a letter to President Wilson by Secretary of State Robert Lansing, uncle of John Foster and Allen Dulles.

4. Facts on File, Cuba, the U.S. and Russia, 1960-63 (New York, 1964) pp. 56-8.

5. International Herald Tribune (Paris), 2 October 1985, p. 1.

6. New York Times, 23 October 1959, p. 1.

7. Facts on File, op. at., pp. 7-8; New York Times, 19, 20 February 1960; 22 March 1960.

8. New York Times, 5, 6 March 1960.

9. David Wise, Colby of CIA - CIA of Colby , New York Times Magazine, 1 July 1973, p. 9.

10. A report about the post-invasion inquiry ordered by Kennedy disclosed that It was never intended, the planners testified, that the invasion itself would topple Castro. The hope was that an initial success would spur an uprising by thousands of anti-Castro Cubans. Ships in the invasion fleet carried 15,000 weapons to be distributed to the expected volunteers. U.S. News & World Report, 13 August 1979, p. 82. Some CIA officials, including Allen Dulles, later denied that an uprising was expected, but this may be no more than an attempt to mask their ideological embarrassment that people living under a communist tyranny did not respond at all to the call of The Free World .

11. Attacks on Cuba:

a) Taylor Branch and George Crile III, The Kennedy Vendetta , Harpers magazine (New York), August 1975, pp. 49-63

b) Facts on File, op, at., passim

c) New York Times, 26 August 1962, p. 1; 21 March 1963, p. 3; Washington Post, 1 June 1966; 30 September 1966; plus many other articles in both newspapers during the 1960s

d) Warren Hinckle and William W. Turner, The Fish is Red: The Story of the Secret War Against Castro (Harper & Row, New York, 1981) passim.

12. Branch and Crile, op. cit., pp. 49-63. The article states that there were in excess of 300 Americans involved in the operation, but in CBS Reports: The CIAs Secret Army , broadcast 10 June 1977, written by Bill Moyers and the same George Crile III, former CIA official Ray Cline states that there were between 600 and 700 American staff officers.

13. New York Times, 26 August 1962, p. 1.

14. John Gerassi, The Great Fear in Latin America (New York, 1965, revised edition) p. 278.

15. Branch and Crile, op. cit p, 52.

16. The Times (London), 8, 10 January 1964; 12 May, p. 10; 21 July, p. 10; 28, 29 October; The Guardian (London), 28, 29 October 1964.

17. Washington Post, 14 February 1975, p. C31; Andersons story stated that there were only 24 buses involved and that they were dried and used in England.

18. Branch and Crile, op. cit., p. 52.

19. New York Times, 28 April 1966, p. 1.

20. Branch and Crile, op. cit., p. 52

21. Washington Post, 21 March 1977, p. A18.

22. Hinckle and Turner, p. 293, based on their interview with the participant in Ridgecrest, California, 27 September 1975.

23. San Francisco Chronicle, 10 January 1977,

24. Bill Schaap, The 1981 Cuba Dengue Epidemic , Covert Action Information Bulletin (Washington), No. 17, Summer 1982, pp. 28-31

25. San Francisco Chronicle, 29 October 1980, p. 15.

26. Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington), 13 January 1967, p. 176.

27. Coven Action Information Bulletin (Washington), No. 22, Fall 1984, p. 35; the trial of Eduardo Victor Arocena Perez, Federal District Court for the Southern District of New York, transcript of 10 September 1984, pp. 2187-89.

28. See, e.g., San Francisco Chronicle, 27 July 1981.

29. Washington Post, 16 September 1977, p. A2.

30. Ibid., 25 October 1969, column by Jack Anderson.

31. Reports of the assassination attempts have been disclosed in many places; see Interim Report: Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders, The Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities (US Senate), 20 November 1975, pp. 71-180, for a detailed, although not complete, account. Stadium bombing attempt: New York Times, 22 November 1964, p. 26.

32. New York Times, 12 December 1964, p. 1,

33. Ibid., 3 March 1980, p. 1.

34. Terrorist attacks within the United States:

a) Jeff Stein, Inside Omega 7 , The Village Voice (New York), 10 March 1980

b) New York Times, 13 September 1980, p. 24; 3 March, 1980, p. 1.

c) John Dinges and Saul Landau, Assassination on Embassy Row (London, 1981), pp. 251-52, note (also includes attacks on Cuban targets in other countries)

d) Covert Action Information Bulletin (Washington), No, 6, October 1979, pp. 8-9.

35. The plane bombing:

a) Washington Post, 1 November 1986, pp. A1, A18.

b) Jonathan Kwitny, The Crimes of Patriots (New York, 1987), p. 379