c) William Schaap, New Spate of Terrorism: Key Leaders Unleashed , Covert Action Information Bulletin (Washington), No. 11, December 1980, pp-4-8.

d) Dinges and Landau, pp. 245-6.

e) Speech by Fidel Castro, 15 October 1976, reprinted in Toward Improved U.S,-Cuba Relations, House Committee on International Relations, Appendix A, 23 May 1977. The CIA documents: Amongst those declassified by the Agency, sent to the National Archives in 1993, and made available to the public. Reported in The Nation (New York), 29 November 1993, p. 657.

36. Dangerous Dialogue: Attacks on Freedom of Expression in Miamis Cuban Exile Community, p. 26, published by Americas Watch/The Fund for Free Expression, New York and Washington, August 1992.

37. Ibid., passim. Also see: Terrorism in Miami: Suppressing Free Speech , CounterSpy magazine (Washington), Vol. 8, No. 3, March-May 1984, pp. 26-30; The Village Voice, op. cit.; Covert Action Information Bulletin (Washington}, No. 6, October 1979, pp. 8-9.

38. New York Times, 4 January 1975, p. 8.

39. San Francisco Chronicle, 12 January 1982, p. 14; Parade magazine (Washington Post), 15 March 1981, p. S.

40. The Village Voice, op. cit.

41. Jerome Levinson and Juan de Onis, The Alliance That Lost Its Way: A Critical Report on the Alliance for Progress (A Twentieth Century Fund Study, Chicago, 1970) p. 56.

42. Ibid p. 309; the list of Alliance goals can be found on pp. 352-5.

43. Ibid., pp. 226-7.

44. New York Times, 26 December 1977, p. 37. See also: Philip Agee, Inside the Company: CIA Diary (New York, 1975) p. 380 (Editors Press Service).

45. Tad Szulc, Fidel, A Critical Portrait (New York, 1986), pp. 480-1.

46. Richard Nixon, Six Crises (New York, 1962, paperback edition) pp. 416-17.

47. Victor Marchetti and John Marks, The CIA and the Cult of Intelligence (New York, 1975), p. 289.

48. Marc Edelman, The Other Super Power: The Soviet Union and Latin America 1917-1987 , NACLAS Report on the Americas (North American Congress on Latin America, New York), January-February 1987, p. 16; Szulc, see index.

49. Szulc, pp. 427-8.

50. Miami Herald, 29 April 1996, p.l

31. INDONESIA 1965

1. Time, 17 December 1965.

2. New York Times Magazine, 8 May 1966, p. 89.

3. This is the widely-accepted range; see, e.g., various Amnesty International reports on Indonesia published in the 1970s.

4. Rex Mortimer, Indonesian Communism Under Sukarno: Ideology and Politics, 19591965 (Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London, 1974) pp. 413-17; Indonesia- 1965: The Coup that Backfired (CIA Research Study, Washington, December 1968) p. 21, hereafter referred to as CIA Study.

5. Mark Selden, ed., Remaking Asia: Essays on the American Uses of Power (New York, 1974) pp. 47-8.

6. Noam Chomsky and Edward Herman, The Washington Connection and Third World Fascism (Boston, 1979) p. 207.

7. New York Times, 12 March 1966, p. 6.

8. Life, 11 July 1966.

9. CIA lists: Kathy Kadane, San Francisco Examiner, 20 May 1990. See also Covert Action Information Bulletin, No. 35, Fall 1990, p, 59, for excerpts from the interviews with the American diplomats conducted by Kadane.

10. Nugrobo Notosusanto and Ismail Saleh, The Coup Attempt of the September 30 Movement in Indonesia (Jakarta, 1968), cited by Mortimer, p. 419, who notes that both authors were closely connected with the Indonesian army .

11. CIA Study, p. 199.

12. Notosusanto and Saleh, p. 9, cited by Mortimer, p. 419.

13. CIA Study, from the Foreword.

14. Ibid., pp. 3-4; Mortimer, p. 414.

15. Discussion of Sjams role:

a) CIA Study, pp. 23, 28, 100, 112, 117, and elsewhere

b) Mortimer, pp. 418-40, passim

c) W.F Wertheim, Suharto and the Untung Coup -The Missing Link , journal of Contemporary Asia (London) Winter 1970, pp. 53-4

d) Selden, p. 48

e) Julie Southwood and Patrick Flanagan, Indonesia: Law, Propaganda and Terror (London, 1983), p. 9

16. CIA Memorandum, 18 June 1962, Declassified Documents Reference System (Arlington, Virginia) 1975 volume, Document 240 A.

17. Arthur Schlesinger, A Thousand Days (Boston, 1965) p. 533.

18. Roger Hilsman, To Move a Nation (New York, 1967) p. 377.

19. Military Assistance Training in East and Southeast Asia, a Staff Report for the Subcommittee on National Security Policy and Scientific Developments of the House Committee on Foreign Affairs, 16 February 1971, p. 18.

20. Ibid., 2 April 1971, p. 13.

21. New York Times, 27 April 1966, p. 28.

22. Hearings on Foreign Assistance, 1966, before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, 11 May 1966, p. 693.

23. Green has been quoted on this theme in a number of books and periodicals with slight variations here and there, due, apparently, to the fact that he touched upon the same point in several different speeches in Australia. Some sources give only what we did we had to do ; others provide a fuller quotation. What I have presented here is a combination taken from: a) Denis Freney, The CIAs Australian Connection (Australia, 1977), p. 17, citing a talk Green delivered before the Australian Institute for International Affairs in 1973; and b) Peter Britton, Indonesias Neo-colonial Armed Forces , Bulletin Of Concerned Asian Scholars, July-September 1975.

24. New York Times, 19 June 1966, p. 12E.

25. Journal of Contemporary Asia (London), Vol. 9, No. 2,1979, p. 252.

26. Chomsky and Herman, pp. 208-17.

27. The Guardian (London), 12 December 1983.

28. Los Angeles Times, 15 June 1991. p. 10.

29. Ibid., 13 October 1989, p. A6

30. New York Times 13 December 1975, p. 26, editorial.

31. San Francisco Chronicle, 9 November 1979, p. 61.

32. For a fuller discussion of these matters, see: Chomsky and Herman, pp. 129-204; Denis Freney, US-Australian Role in East Timor Genocide , CounterSpy magazine (Washington), Vol. 4, No, 2, Spring 1980, pp. 10-21.

32. GHANA 1966

1. Kwame Nkrumah, Dark Days in Ghana (London, 1968) p. 96.

2. E.H. Cookridge, The Africa Dossier, The Daily Telegraph Magazine (London), 21 January 1972, part 2 of a 3-part series on the CIA.

3. John Stockwell, In Search of Enemies (New York, ) 978) p. 201, note.

4. Ibid.; New York Times, 9 May 1978, article by Seymour Hersh.

5. Stockwell, p. 201, note. Another account is that 25 Russians who made up Nkrumahs palace guard were all shot and killed when they tried to surrender: Seymour Friedin and George Bailey, The Experts (New York, 1968) p, 210.

6. New York Times, op. cit.

7. Ibid.

8. Ibid.

9. Washington Post, 17 March 1966.

10. Nkrumah, pp. 97-102 (state-owned industries, price of cocoa).

11. John Barron, KGB: The Secret Work of Soviet Secret Agents (Bantam Books, New York, 1981; paperback edition of Readers Digest Press, 1974), p. 342.

33. URUGUAY 1964 to 1970

1. Manuel Hevia Cosculluela, Pasaporte 11333: Ocho Anos con la CIA (Havana, 1978), p, 286.

2. AJ. Langguth, Hidden Terrors (New York, 1978) pp. 48-9, 51 and passim. Langguth was formerly with the New York Times and in 1965 served as Saigon Bureau Chief for the newspaper.

3. New York Times, 1 August 1970.

4. Langguth, pp. 285-7; New York Times, 15 August 1970.

5. Alain Labrousse, The Tupamaros: Urban Guerrillas in Uruguay Penguin Books, London, 1973, translation from French 1970 edition) p. 103.

6. Langguth, p. 289.

7. Langguth, pp. 232-3, 253-4; Philip Agee, Inside the Company: CIA Diary (New York, 1975), see index (Oteros relationship to the CIA).

8. Major Carlos Wilson, The Tupamaros: The Unmentionables (Boston, 1974) pp. 1067; Langguth, p. 236. Agee, p. 478, confirms Cantrells identity.

9. Langguth, p. 252.

10. Interview of Langguth in the film On Company Business (Directed by Allan Francovich), cited in Warner Poelchau, ed., White Paper, Whitewash (New York, 1981) p. 66.

11. Extracts from the report of the Senate Commission of Inquiry into Torture, a document accompanying the film script in State of Siege (Ballantine Books, New York, 1973) pp. 194-6; also see Death of a Policeman; Unanswered Questions About a Tragedy , Commonweal (Catholic biweekly magazine, New York), 18 September 1970, p. 457; Langguth, p. 249.

12. Death Squad, TSD: Langguth, pp. 245-6, 253.

13. Michael Klare and Nancy Stein, Police Terrorism in Latin America , NACLAs Latin America and Empire Report (North American Congress on Latin America), January 1974, pp. 19-23, based on State Department documents obtained by Senator James Abourezk in 1973; also see Jack Anderson, Washington Post, 8 October 1973, p. C33; Langguth, pp. 242-3.

14. Klare and Stein, p. 19.

15. New York Times, 25 September 1968, 1 August 1970; Langguth, p. 241.

16. Hevia, p. 284, translated from the Spanish and slightly paraphrased by author; a similar treatment of this and other passages from Hevia can be found in Langguth, pp. 311-13.

17. New York Times, 5 August 1978, p. 3.

18. Mitriones philosophy: Hevia, pp. 286-7 (see note 16 above).