more correct to say that NED was the public arm of Project Democracy, while North ran the covert end of things. In any event, the statement caused much less of a stir than if-as in an earlier period-it had been revealed that it was the CIA which was behind such an unscrupulous operation.

NED also mounted a multilevel campaign to fight the leftist insurgency in the Philippines in the mid-1980s, funding a host of private organizations, including unions and the media. 11 This was a replica of a typical CIA operation of pre-NED days.

And between 1990 and 1992, the Endowment donated a quarter-million dollars of taxpayers money to the Cuban-American National Foundation, the ultra-fanatic anti-Castro Miami group. The CANF, in turn, financed Luis Posada Carriles, one of the most prolific and pitiless terrorists of modern times, who was involved in the blowing up of a Cuban airplane in 1976, which killed 73 people. In 1997, he was involved in a series of bomb explosions in Havana hotels.12

The NED, like the CIA before it, calls what it does supporting democracy. The governments and movements whom the NED targets call it destabilization.13

CHAPTER 20 : The US versus the World at the United Nations

America, we have all been taught for more than half a century, is the leader of The Free World . If this is so, its proper to ask: Where are the followers? Where is the evidence that Washingtons world view sways the multitude of other governments and leaders by virtue of other than the US being a 10,000-pound gorilla zillionaire? Where is the loyalty and admiration engendered by intellectual or moral leadership? To enlist support for its wars in Korea, Vietnam, Afghanistan, the Persian Gulf and Yugoslavia, the United States had to resort to bribery, threats and chicanery. At the United Nations, with noteworthy regularity, Washington has found itself-often alone, sometimes joined by one or two other countries-standing in opposition to General Assembly resolutions aimed at furthering human rights, peace, nuclear disarmament, economic justice, the struggle against South African apartheid and Israeli lawlessness and other progressive causes.

The table below shows a portion of this pattern. It covers an arbitrarily chosen 10-year period, 1978 through 1987, and is composed of the following sections:

1978-1981: All voting in the General Assembly examined; only those resolutions for which the US cast a solitary no vote or was joined by one or two other nations are listed.

1982-1983: All voting in the General Assembly examined; only those resolutions for which the US cast a solitary no vote are listed.

1984-1987: Only a sample of General Assembly resolutions are shown, primarily for diversity.

In total, almost 150 examples are given. The number of abstentions is not shown. There were many other resolutions in this period where Israel cast a solitary no vote and the US was the sole abstainer.

Voting on resolutions of the Security Council and the Economic and Social Council are not included here, but these votes show a very similar pattern. In the Council, a US solitary no vote is of course enough to defeat a measure.

The 1983 US invasion of Grenada was almost universally condemned in Latin America, only the military dictatorships of Chile, Guatemala and Uruguay expressing support. The United Nations voted its disapproval overwhelmingly. To this President Reagan responded: One hundred nations in the UN have not agreed with us on just about everything thats come before them where were involved, and it didnt upset my breakfast

at all. 1

One of the evils of communist states, we were always told, was that they were oblivious to world opinion.

...a decent respect to the opinions of mankind... The Declaration of Independence Date/Issue Resolution Number Yes-No Vote

1978

Dec. 15 33/75 119-2 (US, Israel)

Urges the Security Council, especially its permanent members, to take all necessary measures for insuring UN decisions on the maintenance of international peace and security

Dec. 18 33/110 110-2 (US, Israel)

Living conditions of the Palestinian people

Dec. 18 33/113C 97-3 (US, Israel, Guatemala)

Condemnation of Israeli human rights record in occupied territories

Dec. 19 33/136 1194 (US)

Calls upon developed countries to increase quantity and quality of development assistance to underdeveloped countries

1979

Jan. 24 33/183M 114-3 (US, France, UK)

To end all military and nuclear collaboration with apartheid South Africa

Jan. 29 33/196 111-1 (US)

Protectionism of developing countries exports

Nov. 23 34/46 136-1 (US)

Alternate approaches within the UN system for improving the enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms

Nov. 23 34/52E 121-3 (US, Israel, Australia)

Return of inhabitants expelled by Israel

Dec. 11 34/83J 120-3 (US, UK, France)

Negotiations on disarmament and cessation of nuclear arms race Dec. 12 34/90A 111-2 (US, Israel)

Demand that Israel desist from certain human rights violations Dec. 12 34/93D 132-3 (US, UK, France) Strengthening arms embargo against South Africa Dec. 12 34/931 134-3 (US, UK, France)

Assistance to the oppressed people of South Africa and their liberation movement Dec. 14 34/100 104-2 (US, Israel)

Against support for intervention in the internal or external affairs of states Dec. 14 34/113 120-2 (US, Israel)