6 EFE (Spanish news agency), dispatch from Miami, November 20,1999

7 Adam Fifield, The Apologist in Suburbia , Village Voice (New York), May5,1998,p.55

8 According to the Center for Justice and Accountability (San Francisco). These men have claimed that they themselves were victims of torture, by the North Vietnamese and/or the National Liberation Front. It was during their treatment in the US for this experience that they recounted their own culpability. The CJA does not wish to reveal their names because this information was obtained in a clinical setting.

9 Asia Resource Center (Washington, DC), Asia Insights, Summer 1986, passim; Los Angeles Times, many articles throughout the 1980s and later; e.g., August 4, 1985, II, p.l; May 8, 1986, II, p.l; October 17, 1987, II, p.8 (editorial); March 24,1990, p.33

10 New York Times, September 22,1998, p.12

11 This discussion is derived from Torture in the United States , a paper produced by the World Organization Against Torture, USA (Washington, DC), October 1998, part 7, Extraditions , written by Neil Tow.

12 Washington Post, February 5,1997, p.28

13 Associated Press, February 7,1999

CHAPTER 10

1 For an overview, see John Pilger, The Long Secret Alliance: Uncle Sam and Pol Pot , Covert Action Quarterly (Washington, DC), #62, Fall 1997, p.5-9, plus other sources listed below.

2 Elizabeth Becker, When the War Was Over: Cambodia and the Khmer Rouge Revolution (Public Affairs, NY, 1998), p.435

3 Los Angeles Times, December 5,1980,1-B, p.l

4 Linda Mason and Roger Brown, Rice, Rivalry and Politics: Managing Cambodian Relief (Univ. of Notre Dame Press, 1983), p.135-6

5 William Shawcross, The Quality of Mercy: Cambodia, Holocaust and Modern Conscience (London, 1984), p.289,395

6 New York Times, November 16,1989, p.16

7 Washington Post, July 8,1985, p.18

8 Newsweek, October 10,1983, p.41

9 Los Angeles Times, February 27,1991

10 San Francisco Examiner, August 12,1990, p. 18

11 Los Angeles Times, February 2 7,1991

12 Adam Fifield, The Apologist in Suburbia , The Village Voice (New York), May5,1998,p.55

13 Jack Colhoun, U.S. Supports Khmer Rouge , Covert Action Information Bulletin (Washington, DC), #34, Summer 1990, p.37-40; Washington Post, January 10, 1999, op-ed by Peter Goodman; New York Times, October 18,1989,p.29

14 Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents (GPO), April 16,1998, p.663

CHAPTER 11

1 The Nation, September 26,1994, p.304

2 U.S. Commission on National Security/21st Century, New World Coming (Phase I report), September 15,1999, p.3

3 Washington Post, November 16,1998

4 Journal of the American Medical Association, August 25,1999, p. 761

CHAPTER 12

1 International Action Center (New York), Metal of Dishonor: Depleted Uranium, p.3-40, 134-149 and elsewhere for a detailed discussion of the properties of DU, its health dangers and the circumstances under which US military personnel and Iraqis may have been exposed to it; p. 140-44 for a discussion of the airborne transport of uranium particles.

See also The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, November/December 1999, p.42-5, and radioactive Battlefields of the 1990s: The United States Armys Use of Depleted Uranium and Its Consequences for Human Health and the Environment, by the Depleted Uranium Citizens Network (of the Military Toxics Project), Lewiston, ME, January 16, 1996; www.antenna.nl/wise /uranium/dmtp.html

2 Bill Mesler, The Pentagons Radioactive Bullet , The Nation, October 21,1996,p.l2-13.

3 The Independent (London), November 10,1991, p.2, two articles.

4 The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs (established by retired US foreign service officers), July/August 1995, p. 105

5 Sunday Herald (Glasgow, Scotland), April 4,1999

6 Washington Post, May 29 and August 19,1999

7 Recent Military Accidents In Vieques, Puerto Rico , paper prepared by the office of Puerto Ricos Congressional representative, Carlos Romero- Barcelo, May 1999; Orlando Sentinel (Orlando, Florida), May 1, 1999, p.18; Pacifica Radio, Democracy Now , July 21,1999

8 Austin American-Statesman (Austin, Texas), May 1,1999, p.8

9 Washington Post, December 4,1999, p.4 and February 1, 2000

10 The Albuquerque Tribune, January 26, 1994, p.Al; Uranium Battlefields Home & Abroad: Depleted Uranium Use by the U.S. Department of Defense,

March 1993, a joint publication of various environmental and community organizations in New Mexico, such as the New Mexico Progressive Alliance for Community Empowerment

(pace@nmpace.org); U.S. Army Environmental Policy Institute, Health and Environmental Consequences of Depleted Uranium Use in the U.S. Army: Technical Report, June 1995, Appendix B

11 Radioactive Battlefields, op. cit., p.3

12 Mesler,p.l2

CHAPTER 13

1 Rachel Stohl, Cluster Bombs Leave Lasting Legacy , report of the Center for Defense Information (Washington, E)C), August 5, 1999. There are both anti-personnel and anti-material cluster bombs, or they can be combined in one weapon.

2 Washington Post, August 3,1999

3 Christian Science Monitor, June 9,1999, p. 11

4 Ibid.

5 The Guardian (London), June 23,1999, p.12

6 Paul Watson, Unexploded Weapons Pose Deadly Threat on the Ground , Los Angeles Times, April 28,1999, p.5

7 Handicap International report, 1997, Living with UXO [Unexploded Ordnance] , funded by United Nations Development Program and the government of Sweden, reported in Earth Times, January 15,1998

8 Center for Defense Information report, op. cit.

9 Ibid.

CHAPTER 14

1 Robert Harris and Jeremy Paxman, A Higher Form of Killing: The Secret Story of Gas and Germ Warfare (London, 1982), p.xi

2 Leonard A. Cole, Clouds of Secrecy: The Armys Germ Warfare Tests over Populated Areas (Maryland, 1990), p.18

3 Baltimore Sun, August 15,1980, p.7

4 Stephen Endicott and Edward Hagerman, The United States and Biological Warfare: Secrets from the Early Cold War and Korea (Indiana University Press, 1998), p. 166-7

In January 1998, a Japanese newspaper claimed to have a dozen documents from a Moscow archive that suggested that the Chinese claims about biological warfare were no more than a hoax initiated by the Soviets (ibid., p.248-9). But this counter-claim raises more questions than it answers, not the least of which is why has the mammoth US publicity machine not said a word about this incredibly advantageous find ? Nor has Washington apparently asked the Russians to open the archives so the documents can be authenticated. For a discussion of this issue, see the review of the Endicott and Hagerman book by Peter Pringle in The Nation, May 3,1999,p.29-32.