CHAPTER 22

1 Dominican Republic: See Elections chapter for further information; Honduras: New York Times, May 25, 1988, p.8; Mexico: Ibid., April 20, 1990, p.l; Cypriot: Washington Post, April 18, 1999; Colombia: Ibid., October 14,1999, p. 1

2 Los Angeles Times, June 21,1992, p.Ml

3 Washington Post, October 15,1999, p.23

4 New York Times, November 6, 1983, p.l,18,19; Casey: Bob Woodward, VEIL: The Secret Wars of the CIA 1981-1987 (New York, 1987), p.294

5 Los Angeles Times, June 23,1990

6 Philip Wheaton, Panama Invaded (New Jersey, 1992), p.45, 50-1; plus interview of Wheaton by author

7 New York Times, March 20,1990, p.8

8 As told to the author in November 1999 by the Panamanian embassy in Washington.

9 Washington Post, November 22, 1998, p.2; March 3, 1999; October 27, 1999, p.27

10 Ibid., September 4,1999, p.26

11 Haiti: The Nation, February 26, 1996, p.5; Washington Post, August 3, 1996; Agence France Press, February 9, 1996, as reported by Haitian Information Bureau, Port-au-Prince, Haiti, February 10, 1996; New York Times, November 28,1995.

For the most detail, see the announcements of Haiti Advocacy (Washington, DC) and the Campaign for the Return of the FRAPH/FADH Documents at: http: members.bellatlantic.net/~ advocacy

CHAPTER 23

1 Los Angeles Times, February 12,1990

2 New York Times, July 23,1986, p. 1

3 The Guardian (London), August 15,1986; The Times (London), August 4,1986

4 CBS-TV interview with Tomlins, August 5, 1986; interview of Pizzey by author, April 25,1999.

5 The Atlanta Journal and Constitution, June 11,1990, p.l

6 Los Angelas Times, June 13,1990, p. 12

CHAPTER 24

1 Peter Dale Scott & Jonathan Marshall, Cocaine Politics: Drugs, Armies, and the CIA in Central America, (University of California Press, Berkeley, 1991), p.x-xi. Dayle was speaking in 1991 at Fordham University in NY, as part of a panel concerning drugs, organized by the Christie Institute and other groups.

2 Alfred W. McCoy, The Politics of Heroin: CIA Complicity in the Global Drug Trade (New York, 1991), p.43-47, 53-62; Alexander Cockburn and Jeffrey St. Clair, Whiteout: The CIA, Drugs and the Press (Verso, NY/London, 1998),p.l37-41

3 Christopher Robbins, Air America, (New York, 1985), chapter 9; McCoy, chapter 7 and elsewhere.

4 McCoy, chapters 4,5 and 7; Robbins, chapters 5 through 9

5 Jonathan Kwitny, The Crimes of Patriots: A True Tale of Dope, Dirty Money, and the CIA (W.W. Norton & Co., New York, 1987)-banks drug connections: chapter 16 and elsewhere; banks CIA connections: see index, p.404; McCoy, p.461-78; The Village Voice (New York), July 1-7,

1981; CounterSpy magazine (Washington, DC), November 1980-January 1981,p.30-33

6 Casey: Los Angeles Times, April 14, 1989, p.ll, derived from the Kerry Report (see below)

7 Cocaine Politics, op. cit., chapters 6 and 10; John Dinges, Our Man in Panama (Random House, NY, 1991), passim; Murray Waas, Cocaine and the White House Connection , LA Weekly (Los Angeles), September 30-October 6 and October 7-13,1988; National Security Archive Documentation Packet: The Contras, Cocaine, and Covert Operations (Washington,

DC, 1996)

8 Washington Post, November 28,1995, p.3

9 Drugs, Law Enforcement and Foreign Policy, a Report of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, Subcommittee on Terrorism, Narcotics and International Operations, 1989, p.2,36,41

( Kerry Report )

10 Los Angeles Times, April 8,1988, p.12

11 Costa Rica/Hull/Cubans: Robert Parry, Lost History: Contras, Cocaine, the Press & Project Truth (The Media Consortium, Arlington, VA, 1999), p.220-223 and elsewhere; Cocaine Politics, op. cit., see Anti-Castro Cubans in index; Martha Honey, Hostile Acts: U.S. Policy in Costa Rica in the 1980s (University Press of Florida, Gainesville, 1994), chapters 8 to 10 and elsewhere; Martha Honey and David Myers, U.S. Probing Drug Agents Activities in Costa Rica, San Francisco Chronicle, August 14,1991

12 Cocaine Politics, op. cit., chapters 2 and 3 and elsewhere; Hyde: Peter Dale Scott, The Official Story: What the government has admitted about CIA ties to drug dealers (Institute for Policy Studies, Washington, DC, 1999), p.28-9. This monograph is an analysis of two CIA and one Justice Department reports issued in 1997-8 in response to the many allegations of CIA drug connections. See also Lost History, op. cit., passim for an analysis of the government reports.

13 Ilopango: Celerino Castillo and Dave Harmon, Powder Burns: Cocaine, Contras and the Drug War (Mosaic Press, Canada, 1994), p.128-139 and elsewhere; Norths diary: Washington Post, October 22, 1994, p.ll; Guatemala: Frank Smyth, In Guatemala, The DEA Fights the CIA , New Republic, June 5,1995.

14 New York Times, April 14, 1989, p.8; Cocaine Politics, op. cit., p.60-62; Customs Agent: FBI debriefing of Dennis Ainsworth, California Contra supporter, January 21, 1987, p.8, part of National Security Archive Documentation Packet, op. cit.

15 Kerry Report, p.42-43; New York Times, April 14,1989, p.8

16 Cocaine Politics, op. cit., p. 17-18

17 New York Times, April 14,1989, p.8

18 Washington Post, March 17,1998

19 Whiteout, op. cit., p.95-7; Wall Street Journal, November 22,1996; New York Times, November 19,1996; Miami Herald, November 23,1996, p.Bl

20 McCoy, p.436-60; Tim Weiner, Blank Check: The Pentagons Black Budget (Warner Books, NY, 1990), p.151-2; New York Times, June 18, 1986; Covert Action Information Bulletin, (Washington, IDC) No. 28, Summer 1987, p.11-12; Los Angeles Times, November 4, 1989, p.14; Washington Post, May 13,1990, p. 1

21 Los Angeles Times, August 22,1993

22 New York Times, Nov. 14, 1993; The Nation, October 3, 1994, p.346; Washington Post, March

8,1997

23 In the United States: Gary Webb, Dark Alliance: The CIA, The Contros, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion (New York, 1998), passim; San Jose Mercury News, August 18-20, 1996, series by Gary Webb, from which his book springs; Cocaine Politics, op. cit., passim; Lost History, op. cit., passim; iF Magazine (Arlington, VA), March-April 1998, September-October 1998, and other issues; The Official Story, op. cit., passim; New York Times, October 10,1998, CIA said to ignore charges of contra drug dealing in 80s

24 Eugene Weekly (Oregon), January 15,1999, interview with Webb

CHAPTER 25

1 Speaking as vice president in the context of the shooting down of an Iranian passenger plane by an American ship, taking 290 lives, Newsweek, August 15,1988

2 Washington Post, December 18,1987

3 New York Times, November 11,1996, p. 12

4 Authors conversation with the Cuban Interest Section in Washington, DC

5 U.S. Aid to North Vietnam, Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Asian and Pacific Affairs, House Committee on International Relations, July 19,1977, Appendix 2.

6 Los Angeles Times and New York Times, March 11,1997

7 For a discussion of this maiming, see John Pilger, Vietnam: The Final Battle , Covert Action Quarterly (Washington, DC), #64, Spring 1998, p.54-65

8 Holly Sklar, Washingtons War on Nicaragua (South End Press, Boston, 1988), p. 169-70,314

9 San Francisco Chronicle, April 16,1987, p. 15

10 Interview of attorney Ramsey Clark, September 7, 1999, by the author. Clark had acted on behalf of many of the claimants.